Pity the Bear in Judith Mintys story, Killing the Bear :: Minty Killing the Bear Essays

Pity the Bear in Judith Mintys story, Killing the Bear Judith Mintys story, Killing the Bear, is a rather chilling tale about a woman who shoots a bear to death. The story is not merely a simple account of the incident however. It is full of stories and facts about bears, which affect how the reader reacts to the story. In the beginning, the reader expects the bear to be portrayed as a cold-blooded monster who must be killed for the safety of the primary character however this foreboding is foiled throughout the story and the reader sees the bear in a very different light. Due to the stories and facts given about bears throughout the story, the reader comes to blessing the bear, but most will still acknowledge the necessity of killing him. The beginning of the story seems very quiet and peaceful. It sets up a scene some people would be familiar with. Even the story about the dog is one most people who have ever owned a crime syndicate pet would instantly recognize. The woman do es seem very vulnerable, however. She is outside in a hammock and the dog seems very little help since she ended up more his protector than the other way around (2). The second section sets up frightening images of animals, but they are all in the zoo, so they acquire no threat. Yet, this still sustains the readers original expectation of the bear being a threatening animal. Of all the zoo animals described, the bear seems the most harmless, yet she is still aquaphobic of it. The reader has not been shown any danger yet, but there is still a sense of something about to happen. The only bear we have seen is a load down of clothes by a dead tree (5) in a cage at the zoo. The third section of the story returns the reader to the calm security, but therefore quickly sends the tone of the story into a frenzy. These constant tone changes show the reader how strong and resourceful the woman is, but it also shows us how she push aside be thrown into a panic easily. We come to have litt le confidence in the main characters ability to react well if a unreliable situation arises. Throughout the story, Killing the Bear, the reader is given a number of side notes about bears and the womans experience with them.

The Psychology Behind the Serial Killer Essay -- Psychological Essays

The Psychology Behind the Serial Killer Creeping around the shadowy house, the predator found its prey waking to strange sounds. The dupe lay facedown, with a sweating forehead pressed fearfully into the pillow, silently praying the noises would just go away. Suddenly the victim found himself straddled and pinned to the bed. He was unable to utter for help due to the pressure of the handle of a pick-axe against his throat, preventing any breath from escaping, much less any sound. The victim struggled beneath the weight of the assailant. The scant low-cal from the sodium-arc street light outside cast a peculiar silhouette on the walls of the darkened room, projecting an image that looked oddly like that of a cowpoke saddled upon a bucking bull at a rodeo. Struggling to dismount the attacker, the victim felt the piercing blows of the sharp point of the pickaxe, succumbing to death only by and by receiving eleven stab wounds to the chest and throat. The thrill of the kill was st imulating enough that, when interviewed later, the murderer reported popping a nut, that is, becoming so sexually unrestrained by the event, to the point of having an orgasm (Pearson, 1998).Does this sound like the heinous acts of Jeffrey Dahmer, Jack The Ripper, or Ted Bundy? How about the petite, pretty, fawnlike, Texas teen named Karla Faye Tucker? A woman? A killer whale? A sexual predator? Never before had such a thing been heard of, until Miss Tucker.Typically, when one thinks of accompanying killers, such images as tidings of Sam, John Wayne Gacy, or the Boston Strangler, come to mind. Though these men do indeed fit the description, there are many myths and misconceptions surrounding the definition of serial killer, first and foremost that serial ... ...1998). Essential criminology. Boulder, CO Westview Press.Monahan, J. & Steadman, H. (1984). Crime and mental disorder Research in brief. Washington, DC National Institute of Justice.Pearson, P. (1998). Wh en she was bad How and why women get away with murder. New York Penguin Putnam, Inc.Redl, F. & Toch, H. (1979). The psychological approach to crime, in Toch, H. (Ed.). Psychology of Crime and Criminal Justice. New York Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Redl, F. & Wineman, D. (1951). Children who hate. New York Free Press.Ressler, R. K. & Shachtman, T. (1997). I have lived in the monster. New York St. Martins Press.Severence, L., Goodman, J., & Loftus, E. (1992). Inferring the criminal mind Toward a bridge between legal doctrine and psychological understanding. Journal Of Criminal Justice, 20. 107-120.

The Miracle of Feeding the 5000 Essay -- Scripture Analysis

The first thing that genius needs to understand is the accredited meaning of the miracles Jesus performed, even though the Devil does not want us to understand the meaning. He loves when we speculate and question. In the Bible, miracles are often referred to as signs. Miracles are acts that lone(prenominal) God can be responsible for, usually above and beyond natural laws. Bakers Dictionary of the Bible defines a miracle as Synthesizing the root connotations of these terms, we may define a miracle biblically as an observable phenomenon effected by the direct operation of Gods power, an arresting expiration from the ordinary sequences of nature, a deviation calculated to elicit faith-begetting awe, a divine inbreaking which authenticates a revelational agent. They occur to show the power behind the hands of God. Jesus saviour himself was a miracle, starting with His unusual birth and ending with His great sacrifice, His Resurrection. His life was like no other, miraculous in every way. Wikipedia states that many conservative spiritual believers hold that in the absence of a plausible, parsimonious scientific theory, the best explanation for these events is that they were performed by a supernatural being, and cite this as evidence for the creative activity of a god or gods. There are many different ideas and opinions for a miracles definition, but most all define them as beneficial. Faith is the only way a person can truly believe in these extraordinary events that took place in the four gospels of the playscript Matthew, Mark, Luke, and commode. Jesus was one of Gods most important miracle workers who time and time again showed how miraculous the Lord can be. There were many different miracles in the bible that Jesus performed throughout Hi... ...h and dying for the sins of His followers, human beings today would not have much hope for an ever-lasting life in Paradise. Works CitedAckroyd, P.R., A.R. Leaney, and J.W. Packer, eds. Cambridg e Bible Commentary Mark. 1965. Print.Bliss, George R. Luke. Ed. Alvah Hovey. Vol. II. Philadelphia, 1881. Print.Broadus, John A. Matthew. Ed. Alvoh Hovey. Vol. I. Philadelphia, 1886. Print.Clarke, W. N. Mark. Ed. Alvah Hovey. Vol. II. Philadelphia, 1881. Print.Everett F. Harrison, editor-in-chief, Bakers Dictionary of Theology. Grand Rapids, Mich. Baker Book House, 1960, pg. 356.Hovey, Alvoh. John. Ed. Alvoh Hovey. Vol. III. Philadelphia, 1885. Print.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiracleKraft, Dave. 3 Lessons from Jesus Feeding the 5,000. Http//theresurgence.com/2011/01/16/3-lessons-from-jesus-feeding-the-5-000. 16 Jan. 2011. Web. 15 Feb. 2011.

Decisions to Drop the Bombs on Japan Essay -- World War 2 II Two Bombs

Decisions to Drop the Bombs on JapanWar in itself is an atrocity, to consume or be killed in the name of what ever government chooses to go to war over. Taking lives in order to save lives is the most outrageous oxymoron ever heard, yet during the end of WWII taking the lives of Japanese people saved America from fighting on home soil. Many factors play a role in the final decision to drop the atomic warheads on Americas enemy, yet in the end after all is said and done America was simply reason her land and right for freedom. America was under attack in a war fought on foreign soil. No one wanted the war to be brought on American soil and all Americans wanted the war to be over to assure safety of the American people. The atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were necessary to recreate the war with Japan to an immediate halt.Dropping of the A-bomb took thousands of lives and rendered many others sick while completely destroying in total two entire cities. The force of the counterbalance atomic bomb (Hiroshima, code name Little Boy) was akin to 12.5 kilotons of TNT and the second bomb (Nagasaki, code name Fat Man) was equivalent to 20 kilotons of TNT (Clancey). It is difficult to fathom the world power held within each bomb. Twenty thousand tons of dynamite To dream of dropping this much power on any living thing is total genocide. Many members of the atomic bomb scientists because of the tremendous power each nuclear reaction would generate had deter the u...

Experience With and Benefits of Nontraditional Students in the Classroo

There are only a few times in my undergraduate experience that I believe being in class with much senescenter students. At that time, most of the older students were auditing classes because they could do so tuition free. They, therefore, would be in the class sessions moreover on exam days and they were not expected to turn in any of the assignments. This fact somewhat bothered me at the time because it made them come out as if they were receiving preferential treatment, although such was not the case. The most salient memory I have of a non-traditional student was a class called Comparative governance in which we studied the governmental structures of the United States, Great Britain, Russia, China, and West Germany. There was a student in his 70s in this class. He was garrulous and, unlike the dwell of us, remembered many of the things that had happened in the histories of these countries. For instance, he could recall the division of Germany and the Communist takeove r in China. I remember one day in class when he became particularly talkative. Three things stand out in my mind close to this occasion (a) the annoyed expression on the professors face (b) the vexation I felt at his endless and irrelevant droning and, (c) the comment a classmate made in the hall, Someone should put that poor old fool out of his misery. In another class in German history, one classmate was a veteran of the Vietnam Conflict and naturally had strong feelings about communism in general. Although this student was only 10 to 15 years older than the rest of us, he had experienced things that the traditional student had only check and heard. One day in discussion, the subject of the division of Germany was broached. This stirred a lively and im... ...ices, 43-51. Retrieved from http//web.ebscohost.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/ ehost/pdfviewer/ pdfviewer?sid=ea53e279-aa56-41c9-8269-edc2077884f5%40sessionmgr10&vid= 5&hid=25Ross-Gordon, J. M. (2011). Research on adult learne rs Supporting the ask of a student population that is no longer nontraditional. Peer Review, 13(1), 26-29. Retrieved from http//www.aacu.org/peerreview/pr-wi11/prwi11_RossGordon.cfmSkopek, T., & Schuhmann, R. A. (2008). Traditional and non-traditional students in the same classroom? Additional challenges of the distance education environment. Online Journal of outer space Learning Administration, X1(1). Retrieved from www.westga.edu/ distance/ojdla/spring111/skopek111.htmlWlodkowski, R. J. (2008). Enhancing adult motivation to learn A guide to improving instruction and increasing learner achievement (3rd ed.). San Francisco Jossey-Bass.

Experience With and Benefits of Nontraditional Students in the Classroo

There are only a few times in my undergrad experience that I remember being in class with much older students. At that time, most of the older students were auditing classes because they could do so tuition free. They, therefore, would be in the class sessions except on exam sidereal days and they were not expected to turn in any of the assignments. This fact somewhat bothered me at the time because it made them seem as if they were receiving preferential treatment, although such was not the case. The most salient memory I have of a non- handed-down student was a class called Comparative Government in which we studied the governmental structures of the United States, Great Britain, Russia, China, and West Germany. There was a student in his 70s in this class. He was garrulous and, unlike the rest of us, remembered many of the things that had happened in the histories of these countries. For instance, he could recall the division of Germany and the Communist takeover in China . I remember one day in class when he became particularly talkative. Three things stand out in my mind about this occasion (a) the annoyed expression on the professors face (b) the aggravation I felt at his endless and irrelevant droning and, (c) the comment a classmate made in the hall, soulfulness should put that poor old fool out of his misery. In another class in German history, one classmate was a veteran of the Vietnam dispute and naturally had strong feelings about communism in general. Although this student was only 10 to 15 years older than the rest of us, he had experienced things that the traditional student had only read and heard. One day in discussion, the subject of the division of Germany was broached. This stirred a lively and im... ...ices, 43-51. Retrieved from http//web.ebscohost.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/ ehost/pdfviewer/ pdfviewer?sid=ea53e279-aa56-41c9-8269-edc2077884f5%40sessionmgr10&vid= 5&hid=25Ross-Gordon, J. M. (2011). Research on adult learners Suppo rting the needs of a student population that is no longer nontraditional. Peer Review, 13(1), 26-29. Retrieved from http//www.aacu.org/peerreview/pr-wi11/prwi11_RossGordon.cfmSkopek, T., & Schuhmann, R. A. (2008). Traditional and non-traditional students in the same classroom? Additional challenges of the withdrawnness education environment. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, X1(1). Retrieved from www.westga.edu/ distance/ojdla/spring111/skopek111.htmlWlodkowski, R. J. (2008). Enhancing adult motivation to learn A guide to improving instruction and increasing learner attainment (3rd ed.). San Francisco Jossey-Bass.

Peer’s paper on Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity Essay

Please find attached Rimas paper. Here are the naming instructions for the peer reviewYour instructor impart assign and send you a peers paper on Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity. Your job is to critically read the assignment and make corrections/comments utilize track changes and comments in Microsoft Word. Be sure to assess the paper using the following criteria1. Does the paper provide sufficient demo for its hypothesis or read?2. Does the flow of the paper and prison term structure make sense?3. Should it be organized in a different modality?4. Are all the items listed in the assignment guidelines and rubric covered and in sufficient depth?This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors leave be using the rubric to grade the assignment therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.Please hand your completed peer review a ssignment similar to your submission of previous essays, earlier than replying here in the Individual Forum. The purpose of this paper is to identify and refine the characteristics of a bring arounding surround, challenges and barriers associated in instituting the atmosphere for effective forbearing outcomes that will not and treat the diligent malady still to help the affected roles to heal as a whole and biblical passage that support the concept of improve hospital from a nursing perspective. According to Florence Nightingale nurses utilization is to provide external environment and fosters internal environment necessary to heal the patients. We as nurses can manage the wellness and wellbeing of our patients and their families by providing them graduate(prenominal) quality, kindhearted thrill that will collaborate with care of the body, mind and spirit which in turn results in effective patient better.Benefitsacquired from creating a healing environment has led m all hospitals to integrate features that will help lessen stress associated with the sickness and promote healing for patient and the family. meliorate is not curing an illness by treating the symptoms, eradicating disease or following treatment plan as, a lot of time you are cured but not healed. An example that tie this concept is a person with a chronic illness such as cancer, is peaceful despite of her illness, loss of function rather than grieving for her illness and angry as she has healed from cancer. Healthy healing environment is meant to promote harmony of mind, body and spirit by providing a patient centered care that occupys the sacred, social and physical needs of patients. This idea of healing hospital will lower the cost of healthcare, by focusing on specific needs of the patients and farm a better healing environment by reducing stressors in the hospitals which be later described in the paper.We as nurses play an important role in addressing the spiritual needs of our patients and incorporating this spiritual needs in plan of care will help facilitates the coping mechanism in our patients. Here in this Paper we are going to discuss about Mercy Gilbert Medical centre which is one of the famous healing hospital which has three identify components that facilitates healing that is related to spirituality. Three key parts of this healing atmosphere are as follows 1) A healing physical environment which includes implementing measures to keep the environment quiet to promote peaceful sleep that help in faster convalescence by reducing the sources of noise such as eliminating over toss paging or only in time of emergencies by carrying wireless for direct connection, soundproofing with sound absorbing ceiling, avoiding loud cleaning machines rolling down prospicient hallways or replacing patient care areas with carpets and installing silencer to cleaning machine prevent noise created by it (Eberst, 2008).Prevention of stressors such as noise, flash and poor air quality are shown to have increases patient blood pressure, heart rate and reduce oxygen levels due to environmental concerns. 2) The Integration of confiscate work design and technology plays an important part in enhancing the process of healing such as thoughtful layout that makes easier for frail patients to move around independently, reclusive patient elbow rooms with orotundr space for storage of supplies, computer for charting, sink for hand washing, amenities that make it easier for family member to stay overnight. Also itcould reduce riskiness of infections, provides patient privacy and prevents any disturbances, promote peaceful sleep and caregivers can discuss private matters more drop offly without hesitating and principal(prenominal)tains patient dignity which for few patients whitethorn be very stressful (Eberst, 2008).It allows portable equipments to easily move in and out from these rooms and patient does not needs to be transferred to any o ther room for x rays or procedures while maintaining privacy etc. use of colors, images and appropriate signs to help patient and family find their destination. Separate elevators were designed for patient transfers providing privacy and safety. Patients at this hospital were getting the benefits of most recent digital technology in specialty testing areas which help to get quick results rather than waiting for long hours and creating a stressful situation for patient and family. Primary care providers were able to access results from their personal device at any break through which make it easier and convenient to make decision and planning treatment.Hospital designs and interior should be planned in the way that it allows natural light through large windows from where they can get more sunlight which can be helpful to lessen depression fresh air by helping them to get sop up with scenery can extensively reduce their tension, irritation and promote enjoyable thoughts. Skylight sy stem provides in room entertainment such as japery channel, healing music which promotes laughter therapy and healing. Patients were provided with education specific to their needs as well as patient satisfaction survey which helps staff to improve the patient care. Instituting advance technology with caring environment that delivers highly qualified, loving and patient centered kind-hearted care has helped this hospital to achieve effective patient healing (Eberst, 2008). 3)A culture of Radical Loving Care at Mercy Gilbert medical centre offers kindhearted care that enhance faster recovery of patients through a holistic approach that not only meets patients bodily needs but also their emotional and religious needs. They hire their employees not only on the basis of the skills but they look for those that consider the work as their passion, rather than just a profession, always willing to help people and go an extra mile for fulfilling their needs. They make sure that every(preno minal) encounter with the patients and families by the staff members is a sacred encounter. Touch Pads after-school(prenominal) each patient room encourage the person entering patient rooms to reflect on their role thatcan help patient in healing. alone this efforts in providing compassionate care helped the patients, families, caregivers and the staff to make the stressful time into a peaceful situation (Eberst, 2008). near of the barriers that prevent nurses or healthcare team to provide healing environment are as follows As we all might be familiar with the fact that due to crisis in the health care field, many of the health care organization are working short staffed which means higher nurse patient ratio that results in burnouts and less attention and time fatigued with patients that they deserve to talk to their nurses regarding their health and concerns, physicians are encouraged to see more patients per day that can shorter interaction between physician and patient and it changes the way they were served (Dunn, 2010). Addressing the spiritual needs of the patient is very difficult especially when you are running out of time due to heavy workload and making sure that every patient is medicated and every task that needs to be fulfilled for the assigned patients is completed can be a barrier in creating a sanitary and healing environment.Other possible barriers could be noisy environment due to loud intercoms, overhead pagers, disturbances from transferring patients from one place to another, cleaning machines can interrupt patient sleep which is important for early healing, Medical errors due to stress from all day noise and distractions, failing to address cultural, and spiritual needs due to manner of speaking barriers can prevent from creating optimal healing environment (Dunn, 2010). The biblical passage that supports the concepts of healing hospital is Behold, I will bring it health and cure, and I will cure them, and will reveal unto them the abundance of peace and truth by Jeremiah 336 of King James Version which is describing the aim of a therapeutic hospital that is not only to cure the disease process or the symptoms but along with curing they are encouraging their staff members to address and fulfill the patients emotional and spiritual needs to heal them with compassionate, loving care, as we are aware of the fact that a lot of times patients are cured but not healed due to want of addressing their spiritual wellbeing.Healing hospital focuses on treating the patients physically, emotionally and spiritually to provide them peace, comfort and security. Positive experiences among all the members of health care team in providing holistic patient care will result in harmonious work environment, patient satisfaction, improved patient outcomes as well as helpcaregivers in identifying the importance of their hard work and dedication towards saving peoples life and help them regain peace, comfort and happiness which is a necessary concept in creating healing environment.ReferencesDunn, L. (2010). CREATING HEALING ENVIRONMENTS A CHALLENGE FOR NURSING. Online Journal Of Rural Nursing & Health Care, 10(2), 3-4. Eberst, L. (2008). Arizona medical center shows how to be a healing hospital. Health Progress, 89(2), 77-79. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/274635012?accountid=737440.0 %Comprehension of concepts of a Healing Hospital Reveals inaccurate comprehension of material and lacks the ability to apply information. Displays a lack of comprehension but attempts to apply information. Presentation of material does not meet minimal requirements of the assignment. Demonstrates no critical thinking aspects. Exhibits comprehension of the material and attempts to integrate it with outside material. Information re prefaces basic thought and formulation of Healing Hospital concepts, values, and practices. Demonstrates integrative comprehension. Student exhibits thorough and thoughtful processing o f material. Evidentiary support is creatively interlocking and presented in amanner that supports the writer?s position and perspective on Healing Hospital concepts and patterns.Demonstrates integrative comprehension and thoughtful application of concepts contact the Healing Hospital and circumstances involving application in real world situations. Presentation of material and components include expanded and unique perspective relative to Healing Hospital patterns and value.48.00/48 30.0 %Coverage of undecided matter. Subject matter is absent, inappropriate, and/or irrelevant. There is weak, marginal coverage of subject matter with large gaps in presentation. completely subject matter is covered in minimal quantity and quality. Comprehensive coverage of subject matter is evident. Coverage extends beyond what is needed to support subject matter.30.60/36 20.0 %Organization and Effectiveness7.0 % thesis Development and Purpose Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizi ng thesis and/or main claim. Thesis and/or main claim are insufficiently developed and/or vague purpose is not clear. Thesis and/or main claim are apparent and appropriate to purpose. Thesis and/or main claim are clear and forecast the development of the paper. It is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose. Thesis and/or main claim are comprehensive. The essence of the paper is contained within the thesis. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.7.14/8.4 8.0 %Argument Logic and Construction instruction of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the thesis and/or main claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources. Sufficient apology of thesis and/or main claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic.Some sources have questionable credibility. Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justificati on of thesis and/or main claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. excogitation and conclusion bracket the thesis. Argument shows logical progression. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of thesis and/or main claims from introduction to conclusion. some sources are authoritative. Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive thesis and/or main claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.8.16/9.65.0 %Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of the meaning.Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence construction are used. Frequent and repetitive mechanised errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) sentence structure, and/or word choice are present. Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used. Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, schoolman English.5.10/6 10.0 %Format5.0 %Paper Format (Use of appropriate style for the major and assignment) Template is not used appropriately, or documentation format is rarely followed correctly. assume template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken. A lack of control with formatting is apparent. Appropriate template is used. Formatting is correct, although some minor(ip) errors may be present. Appropriate template is fully used. There are virtually no errors in formatting style. All format elements are correct.5.10/6 5.0 %Research Citations (In-text citations for paraphrasing and direct quotes, and reference page listing and formatting, as appropriate to assignment and style) No re ference page is included.No citations are used. Reference page is present. Citations are inconsistently used. Reference page is included and lists sources used in the paper. Sources are appropriately documented, although some errors may be present. Reference page is present and fully inclusive of all cited sources. Documentation is appropriate and citation style is usually correct. In-text citations and a reference page are complete and correct. The documentation of cited sources is free of error.5.10/6 100 %Total Weightage 109.20/120

Individual Assurance of Learning Excercise 1

Individual Assignment D02-IALE1-Johnson 1. toast of Learning Exercise1A, Step 4, page 37 Strengths 1 Highly succeederful and recognized worldwide (Ronald McDonald and the Golden Arch) 2 Strongest Brand Image as the number-1 fast-food company by sales, with more than 32,478 restaurants in 117 countries. 3 systematically solid financial performance. * Sales revenue up 3. 8% in 2009, global compar fitting sales up 6. 9%. * Net income up 9% from 2008. Weakness 1 80% of restaurants are franchise owned, placing image and reputation in others hands. 2 Not in sync with wellness and lifestyle Struggles with fluctuations in operating and net profits * Operating profits $4,433M (2006), $3,879M (2007), $6443M (2008). * Net profits $3,544M (2006), $2,395M (2007), $4,313M (2008). Opportunities 1 Healthier food, such as funky fat, low cal. 2 Increased beverage options with McCafe have been shown to increase customer visits in Europe (+7. 2%). 3 Joint ventures with retailers (Wal-Mart, etc. ) can place brisk locations in high traffic areas at lower capital cost. (Such as the Wal-Mart located in Roanoke, VA) Threats 1 More health conscious customers. Intense wrong pressure from competitors like Burger King, Taco Bell, Wendys, KFC and any mid-range sit-down restaurants. 3 As a multinational food operation, variations in the currency of other countries becomes a problem. 2. Assurance of Learning Exercise 1B, p. 326 1. Buying competitors garbage U & L 2. Dissecting competitors products U & L 3. Taking competitors plant tours anonymously E & L 4. Counting tractor-trailer trucks sledding competitors loading bays E & L 5. Studying aerial photographs of competitors facilities E & L 6. Analyzing competitors labor contracts U & I . Analyzing competitors help-wanted ads E & L 8. Quizzing customers and buyers about the sales of competitors products E & L 9. Infiltrating customers and competitors business operations U & I 10. Quizzing suppliers about competitors level of manufac turing U & L 11. Using customers to buy out phony bids U & I 12. Encouraging observe customers to reveal competitive information U & I 13. Quizzing competitors former employees E & I 14. Interviewing consultants who may have worked with competitors E & L 15. Hiring key managers away from competitors E & L 16.Conducting phony job interviews to get competitors employees to reveal information E, U, L, and I. (depends on what information) 17. Sending engineers to trade meetings to quiz competitors technical employees E & L 18. Quizzing potential employees who worked for or with competitors E & L 3. Assurance of Learning Exercise1B, Steps 1-2, page 37 Strengths 1 Students can either earn their degrees at the campus or online. 2 Is the largest private, non-profit school in the country and the largest four-year school in Virginia. * Between 1992 and 2009, fall enrollment change magnitude from 8,500 to 46,949. With more than 80,000 taking classes online. 3 The m geniustary contributions alone are making an impact on local business, Liberty staff, employees and staff was responsible for $268 million in direct spending to Lynchburg area in 2009. * A net $180 million remained in the state * Creating close to $283 million in activity * Every Liberty dollar spent in Virginia in 2009 ultimately generated $1. 57 in overall economic activity. 4 Diverse student body and faculty. 5 Liberty Universitys ranking in the 2013 edition of Best Colleges is Regional Universities (South), 65. Weakness Employers are threatened by Liberty and think less of their degrees. 2 With the high growth of the student body, they depart have to supply and improve technology 3 High student to faculty ratio * 251 Resident Undergraduate * 171 Online * 191 Combined 4 70% Full-time faculty hold terminal degrees 5 The graduation rate at Liberty University is low, 44%. Opportunities 1 The University offers 148 undergraduate, 53 graduate and one post masters program as its Lynchburg campus, and 43 under graduate, 66 graduate, 3 post masters, and 6 doctoral programs through with(predicate) Liberty University Online. Liberty has an opportunity to expand its recitation of classroom instruction to incorporate the Christian worldview into all courses. 3 Participation in learning activities increased from 38% of those in the population age 18 or older in 1991 to 50% in 1999. 4 The University can expand its market by offering more traditional and distance courses for all ages of students, particularly those beyond the traditional college age of 18-21 years. 5 Technology in the Distance Learning chopine (DLP) could be particularly effective in Libertys Universitys mission of reaching the world for Christ. Threats Funding sources are needed to maintain success and growth. 2 Dramatic business growth creates data upsurge 3 Need for better security and transportation 4 Terrorism 5 congruous more worldly as the University grows 4. Assurance of Learning Exercise1D, Steps 1-2, page 38 (Note Please replace the ingestion of SMCO, in the assignment instructions, with the use of www. ceoexpress. com or Standard and Poors. Standard and Poors can be accessed via LUs Online Library. ) Standard and Poors has been up and running since 1916. It has been helping investors and creditors analyze the credit risk that one is taking. Standard 2011) The changes in credit ratings can be determined by many different obstacles in life such as the changes in economy, the changes in the lifestyle of a business, or more specifically focused on profit, entity and individual debt issues. These obstacles can determine whether to purchase bonds and other investment opportunities. Being able to use the information that Standard and Poor has available, gives the investors the opportunity to figure out why ratings have fallen and when creditors should be looking to improve.The creditability of this company allows many investors to use these analyses to grow and evaluate the upcoming obstacles fo r their company and/or person investments. References American School Search (2009-2013). Liberty University Review Ranking. Retrieved March 21, 2013 from weave order http//www. american-school-search. com/ brush up/liberty-university Liberty University (2013). Liberty University. Retrieved March 21, 2013 from Web site http//www. liberty. edu/index. cfm? PID=21240 Liberty University. (2013). Retrieved March 21, 2013 from Web site http//colleges. usnews. rankingsandreviews. om/best-colleges/liberty-university-10392 Skinner, J. (2010). Annual Report 2009. Retrieved March 21, 2013 from, Web site http//www. aboutmcdonalds. com/content/dam/AboutMcDonalds/Investors/C-%5Cfakepath%5Cinvestors-2009-annual-report. pdf Standard Poors (2011). Understanding Ratings. Retrieved March 21, 2013 from, Web site http//img. en25. com/Web/StandardandPoors/SP_CreditRatingsGuide. pdf Q1 Labs (2010). Dramatic growth creates need for advanced detection of threats and minimizing risks. Retrieved March 21 , 2013 from, Web site http//www. liberty. edu/media/1155/Liberty-University-Case-Study. pdf

Northern Ireland – source related study

1) Source A depicts the job problems that the Catholics faced in Ulster in the 60s. It Shows the employment figures of a variety of contrasting companies, and then tells us how many of these employees are Protestant or Catholic. The first example of the problems faced is at the Belfast shipyard where at that place were 10,000 pile employed, of which only cd were Catholic. Considering this was the biggest source of employment in the town, and wasnt exactly a cushy job, you would have expected a much larger number of people working there who were Catholic.However, this was not the case, and was the same everywhere else. In Fermanagh, the county council employed 370 people. Only 48 of these people were Catholic, and none of those people had decent or upper class jobs. This didnt mixed bag with bus drivers either. 75 bus drivers were employed in Fermanagh, and only 7 of them were Catholic. And considering that over half of Fermanagh was Catholic, this meant that there would have bee n a lot of Catholics left without jobs in the city. in that respectfore, the difficulties faced by Catholics in the 60s were that they were discriminated against by the Protestants.This only shows the job problems they had, but they did face many former(a) daunting problems in the 60s. 2) Source B helps tax the secernment of Catholics to a certain extent. This is because it is coming from a reliable source. Billy Sinclair used to be the manager of Linfield football club and saw the sort of discrimination he is talking about with his own eyes. The sort of discrimination he is talking about is that if a football scout for a Northern Irish club spots a good young footballer that is from a catholic school, they wont take him on as a player.This is obviously because he is a Catholic, so he wouldnt be accepted in a protestant team. However, this source only comes from one person, and could be helped by being backed up by other people who also manage football clubs, or even from footbal l scouts themselves. Also, source C says that as many protestant people should be in work during times when job opportunities are poor. They would prefer to keep more(prenominal) protestant, unqualified people in work instead of Catholics who could maybe do a better job.This is clear discrimination against the cleverer Catholic people within Ulster. This is a very useful source in assessing the discrimination against Catholics, as it comes from an organisation, rather than just a single person making a statement about the discrimination against young Catholic footballers. 3) The reason that Londonderry became the centre of a civil rights movement was that the Catholics got federal official up with the living conditions (as shown in source D) and the voting system in the city. As source D shows, the living conditions were abruptly diabolical.The picture shows an outdoor bath and outhouse, which was very common amongst Catholics houses. However, the Protestants would have had much nicer, indoor bathrooms and toilets, instead of being out in the cold. So that is why the Catholics were fed up with the housing. Also, the authority the voting system was set up was biased towards the Protestants. The Catholics were all crammed into one voting area of Londonderry, while the Protestants were spread over devil voting areas, meaning that in those two areas, there would be more Protestant votes, meaning more Protestants councillors.The three sources all agree with each other when it comes to talking about the discrimination that the Catholics faced in Ulster. They all show a factor which proves the way that the Catholics were treated. The Catholics within Ulster do get mistreated by the Protestants, even if they are only out of line slightly. The smallest crime could lead to a beating and even a jail sentence, which is how extreme the prejudice is in Ireland. Londonderry became the centre of the civil rights movement in Ireland because it was the main centre of viole nce in the whole of Eire and Ulster.There was an equal relaxation of Protestants and Catholics, but there was an un-equal balance in the society. The Protestants always treated the Catholics with prejudice, and never let go of their stronghold over the weaker community. These factors aggravated the Catholics and eventually led them to start up the civil rights movement. afterwards the civil rights movement had started, people from all across Eire and Ulster got involved and were hoping for a united Ireland. 4) In source G, Rev. Ian Paisley said that the IRA and the people who supported it where puke the Civil Rights movement.What he effectively meant was that the Catholics were behind the civil rights movement, which is not the way that Michael Farrell thought about it in source H. He said that there were some(prenominal) Catholics that believed in civil rights, but it was mainly the Protestants that were in charge of the movement. Therefore, he doesnt agree with the way Paisley saw the civil rights movement. However, Source I Does agree with Paisley more than source H. It says that the membership was mostly Catholic, and that the IRA was closely involved in the civil rights movement.However, it does also say that there were Protestants involved, so it doesnt completely agree with the comments make by Paisley. 5) The picture in source J, which was drawn by a Northern Irish political cartoonist, does help portray why the trouble move into the 90s. It shows five different groups walking around a never-ending staircase which doesnt lead anywhere. Four of the groups (Religion, Politics, Workers and Civilians) are walking up the staircase, working there way up to a better Ireland.However, the other group (the paramilitaries) is walking down the staircase, as they try to cause trouble and want to keep Eire and Ulster separate. They like to kick upstairs up the trouble between the Protestants and Catholics and cause riots. The peace process was being lead by Re ligion, which is why they are at the front of the staircase in the picture. Then the politics follow the Religion as they wanted the fighting and riots to end as it would mean they would get more votes.Then the workers followed the politics as they were drawn in by the things that the governments promised they would do. And the civilians follow the workers as they are mainly their husbands that are working, and the civilians are mainly women and their children. Also, on the side of the wall it has graffiti that says rapid eye movement sleep 1960 ULSTER which is referring to the Battle of the Boyne. This was obviously when William of Orange and his protestant followers invaded Ireland and took over what is now known as Ulster.This is to remind people that the rift between the Protestants and Catholics still exists because of this event. another(prenominal) bit of graffiti says 1916 which refers to the Easter rising on April 24th. There was also the Good Friday agreement of 1998. Sin n Fein was reluctant to sign the document, but in the end gave in. There was an uprising, however, after the document had been signed. This was because it meant that paramilitary prisoners were released. This caused unrest between the two parties, and caused more riots.

Chemistry Lab Chemical and Physical Properties

Lab 4 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES PURPOSE To find out which of these substances will cause a physical or chemic transfer. To document the different physical and chemic turns. DATA SOLUBILITY OR REACTIONSubstancename Color Odor Effect Of heat glacial H2O Hot H2O Litmus Strip Dilute HCl Dilute NaOH Mg Shinny SilverFlakes none Turned darker, less shinny No careen No channelise No change wet dot Bubbled, steamed, same shape None Cu CopperBe be None Turned shinier No change No change No change wet dot No change None Zn Shinny Silver Pieces None Shinier & darker No change Less shinny No change wet dot Warm steam bubbles dull in emblazon None MgO Off- whitePowder None Little darker color Turned water supply milky & slightly dissolved Separated Red turned blue, blue no change Hot dissolved turned chickenhearted None CuCO3 Light green powder None Turned to black powder Turned water green stayed separate Separated No change wet dot Bubbled dissolved turned b right green Turn blue Cu(NO3)2 Bright blue crystals None Turned turquoise & to a thickset liquid Water light blue, separate Dissolved, blue water Blue turned red, red no change Turned green, stayed separate None NaCl light crystals None No change Stayed separate Dissolved, water clear Red no change, blue dark dot No change separate None OBSERVATION I didnt smell a difference in any except when heated or mixed with HCl. The best changes happened with the HCl, and hot water. It was arouse to see what changed with what and how. CALCULATIONS None CONCLUSION The CuCO3 had the most changes with all the experiments. It was cool to see the chemical and physical changes. I saw color changes and solid to liquid changes. single three had changes on the litmus paper. There was only one change with the dilute NaOH. The changes were different than I expected physically and chemically. QUESTIONS A.Did you observe any chemical changes in this experiment? Yes there were a lot of chemical c hanges with the HCl, one with the NaOH, and some with heat and hot water. B. What evidence did you use to decide that something was a chemical change? The starting and ending product were different, color change, sound, heat, and gas production. C. Give at least two examples of chemical changes you observed HCl and CuCO3 turned bright green, NaOH and CuCO3 D. furcate the following properties of sodium metal as physical or chemical * Silver metallic color chemical * Turns gray in air chemical * Melts at 98*C physical * Reacts explosively with chlorine gas chemical E.Classify the following changes as physical or chemical * Water freezes at O*C physical * Baking soda when combined with vinegar produces bubbles chemical * Mothballs gradually disappear at room temperature chemical * Ice cubes in freezer get smaller with time chemical * Baking soda loses mass as its heated chemical * Tarnishing of silver chemical F. How would you show that licentiousness table salt is a physical change ? When you dissolve salt it is a chemical change because it dissociates in Na+ ions and Cl- ions. But when you remove the water then the salt remains which is physical change. (http//chemistry. about. com/od/matter/a/lsdissolving-salt-in-water-a-chemical-change-orphysical-change. htm )

E-business †Selling shoes in United States Essay

Online enclose attracts certain split of customers thus any fellowship operating in goods and services on online take a shit must drop a strategy of imple manpowerting their online shop. The designing of the website must be considered a critical factor of success of online shops. There fore, the company should acquire a variety of defect of habilitate which attracts a specific class of customers that is the customers who atomic number 18 busy with extra disposable income to expand. They should also expand their product base which gives a customer a wide variety of piazza.An online stock should reduce their costs by outsourcing labor from Asia and Africa to keep their products affordable to many. The company in online shop should encipher into strategic alliances with pulper(a) companies who have other products so that the online shop will be made use of apart from men shoe. Women billet and make ups should be part of the shop to ensure that the site becomes popular t o many. They should also include advertisements of other popular products to ensure the differentiation strategy works well.To implement the online shop is one of the surmount project t be implemented and this project will require the consent of the management. Competitive moulding The most established contentions of online shop for shoes for men are companies which have stores where people walk in and out. Big stores like Walmart and Home Deport have stores selling shoes becoming competitors. However, an online shop for shoes will have a competitive edge over the other companies because their products will be exchange online to all busy members of the society forthwith that the absolute majority of Americans have online or are intending to have online services into their homes.The company operating physical stores have achieved their goals and what they are doing now is competing for the existing market but a market for online shoppers is not yet developed thus the company wi th such a service will have a high competitive edge to other companies. The future looks bright for a company marketing and selling products online and most companies are selling to satisfy their customers through the introduction of online shops and their focus is now to offer unique and high quality shoes to busy members of the society in online shop.This will maintain customers and they will be there for many geezerhood to come. Marketing strategy When selling shoes online in the United States a number of factors are considered. Among the factors consider are who are the potential customers, what promotional strategies and the determine strategies used. If you consider those facts, marketing of shoes in the United States online will be easier. The potential customers for online shop of men shoes in the joined states is urban retired pensioners and adolescent business executives who does not have period to do shopping for themselves and for their sons and grandsons.This catego ry own internets broadband in their houses and whenever they need a product, they will browse an online shop, compose their credit number and swing out the transaction. They will expect you to drop out the products to their offices or houses. They range from the age of twenty to the age of ninety and this market is pass judgment to grow as more people are becoming wealthier and busy as compared to the past years. Men naturally tend to be busy and they are pushed into making purchases of shoes by their wives and women and online shop will be a great benefit to them.Women will be another target for selling of shoes of men online in the United States because ladies will wish to make purchases for their husbands or man friends. The market for this type of shopping is increasing and its becoming greater than it is expected. exchange shoes online will provide affordable and high quality shoes to busy men in the society who have no time to go out to do shopping for shoes. The online s hop will provide a guide and inform men of the variety of shoes available in the main companys store. This will increase the marketing strategy of the company.The aim of the shop will be to provide high quality and affordable shoes to the busy members of the community. An online shop will position the company to the point of offering high quality shoes which can be ordered form where one is situated. It will also act as a promotional centre for the company since the products of the company will be displayed on online. The customers will be informed of the variety without using any other media in advertising. This will help the company in product differentiation which is essential to positioning.This means the products sold online are positioned and they stand apart from competitive products offered by other companies. This combination of product differentiation and competitive offerings through online gives the company important attributes. The company website and online shop will b e based in the United States ensuring that the products are marketed far worldwide but based in the United States. Pricing strategy Selling shoes online in the United States especially mens shoes is one of the best method of selling products in the United States.The pricing strategy of shoes normally varies from plant to plant and is usually set to merge the prices of competitors. This is normally because most competitors operate in the same environment without any competitor having a competitive edge against others. It is essential that better quality plants of shoes to have the same price as competitors. However, price setting is aimed at ensuring positiveness of the firm in business. The cost of purchase, distribution and maintenance of the website should be taken care of when setting the prices of shoes online.The price indicated should show the value of the shoes and the sales pitch amount. This is because the firm in business includes capital requirement and associated gains that covers the expenses of the organization. Always the profit is considered when setting price which is equals to the price net cost while capital gains is kindred to the current assets and fixed asset running costs. In choosing the target market for shoes online, it is important before setting up online shop. Online shopping attracts some class of customers.Take for example most city and environ dwellers as compared to people in rural and interior areas where broadband have not reached. Statistics in the united states indicate that almost 50% of households in the united states have broadband in their houses meaning before any shopping is done, customers will check the online store to see the price, compare the value of money paid and time wasted to go to the store to buy one. If the value is higher, then the customer will enter a purchase agreement with an online shop.In the United States, there is an increase of aging population with an extra disposable income who does not hav e time to go out to do shopping. They will rather do online shopping paying an extra fee for delivery of goods and services. Therefore, the pricing strategy in the sales of shoes online should consider the cost of delivery and the capital gains of the company Sales strategy Online shop will sell their products through online transactions where the customers enquires about the product authentic time.If the product is in store, the customer is requested his credit card number, then the transaction is completed upon the supply of the credit card number. The goods are then unionised for dispatch to the customers office. Again the company will operate a walk in walk out store where members of the public will patronize the store for the purpose of purchasing goods and taking them away. The online store will target geographical areas which are easily accessible by the transport system that will deliver goods to the customers.Sales will be offered at prices affordable to many within a geo graphical area. The markets will be segmented for the purpose of the sales aggroup to know which area one is found for the purpose of setting the prices. Sales forecast Being the new product in the market, the company will carry out aggressive marketing which will increase the sales on a continuous or constant trend. At the beginning, the company estimates to make yearbook sales of 15 million. Thereafter, the sales will increase at the rate of 10% which will eventually consist of 2% of the market for men shoes.This ambitious plan will be possible through controlled and aggressive sales and marketing plan keeping in touch with the companys objectives. The companys objective could be updated on annual basis so as to ensure that the projected sales are adjusted accordingly. Our sales police squad will carry out survey to determine the current satisfaction and future needs of our customers. As regards to sales, a trend in sales is study with professionals to ascertain the likelihoo d in changing the sales forecasted.

Ielts Preparation Essay

Onam is one of the greatest festivals of INDIA. It is celebrated with Joy and enthusiasm all over the Country by all communities. It is celebrated in the low of September. It is a celebration of 10 days. The Legend of ONAM is, It is celebrated to welcome the King Mahabali, whose spirit is state to visit India at the time on ONAM. The story goes that, the resplendent state of Kerala was once ruled by a Demon King , Mahabali.The king was greatly respected in his kingdom and was considered to be wise, judicious and extreamly generous. It is said that Kerala witnessed its golden era in the reign of King Mahabali. Everybody was happy in his kingdom and in that location was no discrimination on the basis of caste or class. Rich and poor were equally treated. There was neither crime nor corruption. People did not even lock their doors, as there were no thieves in the kingdom, there was no poverty sorrow during his reign and everybody was Happy.Looking at his fame and growing popularity, Gods became jealousy on him, and send him to an unknown world(nether world), Since Mahabali is o attached to the people of India, onward send him to the nether world, the God gave him a boon to visit India once in a Year. During his visit India celebrate as ONAM. During the 10 days festival, The establishment declared as a Public holidays for School and colleges. During the festival all the families gather together and celebrate. There are various sports loke Snake Boat rice, Elephant race, travail of war etc are celebrated. People bun w dresses, and it is festival of unity and happiness.

Beauty: Beheld in the Eyes of Society Essay

in that location is an sometime(a) saying that dish antenna is in the eye of the beholder. However, on that point are definite social concepts of physical dish. virtually of the time, raft associate smash with something that is turn backn, instead of tasted, or smelt. Therefore, a to a greater extent precise definition of spectator would sound like, beauty is the quality or set of qualities that give pleasure to eyesight. some things may not be as beautiful to one individual as they are to someone else people become umpteen disagreeent out odours on what beauty really is. Females in particular have historically confront pressure to conform to a particular standard of beauty. The media presents society with unrealistic body types promoting people, especially women, to look like them. The desire to be beautiful has received more attention by blinding the domain with images of the beautiful people. The extent of the message the media portrays to our society is more harm ful than beneficial to the average person. Many people leave alone say that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, however society has a cracking touch on todays standards of beauty.Beauty is a collectively undecided conception, which implies that each individual may interpret the idea of beauty based on his/her own biased opinion. Humans appreciate beauty in many contrasting meanss. Some consider beauty to be seen through nature, others may see beauty in the ancient Grecian statue of the Venus De Milo. Someone, or something, that one finds beautiful another person may not. Beauty is something subjective. It has various meanings to different people because no one person is the same and their standards and tastes differ as well. In her essay Perceptions of Female Beauty in the 20th Century, Louise Wood references the great German philosopher Immanuel Kant by saying the judgment of beauty is different from cognitive or moral judgment because it is abnormal subjectively, that is, exclusively in reference to the person making the judgment. For a judgment to be truly aesthetic, rather than merely idiosyncratic, the person making the judgment must be adamant that their opinion be consensus.In simpler terms, Wood is saying that, ones apprehension of beauty is different from their mental or moral perception because, it is based on emotion instead of reasoning. This statement is what has lead to the many different interpretations of what true beauty is. Since there are many conflicting views, the true meaning of it has been lost and thusly skewed by the opinions of others, and in some cases for the worse. Cultural standards have led to perceptions of beauty or the lack of beauty for as long as the human race has existed. Culture is defined simply as a way of feel, or how people do things such as, how they eat, celebrate festivities, their behavior, their attitudes, moral values, and religion. People lead tend to look at their own natives in their culture as b eautiful because their notion of beauty may be different than another cultures perception of what is beautiful. In some African countries, a big body and big notwithstandingtocks would be considered beautiful for women.In western countries however, there is a tendency for women to starve themselves to comply with the misconception that being extremely thin or slim is beautiful. Many people might share the opinion that the standard idea of beauty includes being tall, thin, and light skinned, but this mindset might not fit everyones standard of beauty. Paul Ford states in his bind Beauty in Different Cultures that In Nigeria, women are encouraged to be more full-figured as it demonstrates affluence and the ability to carry and birth many babies.In some Southeast Asian cultures, wherein war resulted in a lack of food, a more full-figured woman demonstrates a higher social status. Being thicker in frame can boast of being well fed and healthy. In these ways, beauty implies superiorit y and heathenish status. However, standards of beauty depend upon the social conditions of the times in which one lives. Still, different cultural groups think, feel, and act differently. There is no right or wrong standard for considering one groups idea of beauty to be superior or inferior to another. Either way, the essence of beauty is pervasive throughout the many distinct communities around the world.The majority of this eras perception of beauty is spread throughout the media. Since the beginning of The Age of Media media has twain empowered and limited woman. The media constantly alters how individuals view themselves and others. In the Social psychology Quarterly volume 62 it states, With their power to frame, define, and neglect aspects of the social world, the mass media are a principal social and cultural insertion (Milkie 191). It has been proven that media images do have a powerful effect on young women today, due to the extended reinforcement on our everyday live s. Milkie states in her article that The central position of the media in everyday life ensures that symbols distributed through the media become points of focus and interaction in the population (191). Television, magazines, and advertisements are the most common median(a) for which these standards are displayed. A person cannot escape these magazine covers, constant advertisements, or the entire entertainment industry in general.All aspects of the entertainment industry overwhelm todays society and are extremely responsible for its changing perceptions and trends. Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women and their body parts sell everything from food to cars. Popular cinema and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. These media outlets are all setting standards of beauty that are not exclusively unrealistic but could prove to be dangerous in an effort to be attained. In coarse Biocca and Philip Meyers article in the Journal of Communication, they listed that When Glamour magazine surveyed its readers in 1984, 75% felt alike heavy and only 15% felt just right. Nearly half of those who were underweight reported tint too fat and wanting to diet. Among a sample of college women, 40% felt overweight, while only 12% were actually too heavy (125).This article also reported that womens magazines have ten and half times more ads and articles promoting weight loss than mens magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of womens magazines include at least one message about how to change a womans bodily demeanor by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery (125). While television can be verbalise to reflect the standard of beauty for women, it seems to portray them in a light of approval or disapproval, arrogant or negative, that affect womens views on how they should look. It is clear that throughout history, the role that society plays has had a great impact on what is considered beautiful.Although physical beauty is unquestion ably important in the minds of todays society, more people are willing to embrace it in many different forms. Todays middling Woman is gradually stepping away from the mannequins with sex appeal and glamorous movie legends that are shown worldwide. Todays beauty represents a new breed. Though the criterion of what is considered beautiful has come a long way some still feel that the standards of beauty remain subjective. Because of this, no one persons perception of beauty is considered superior or inferior, right or wrong. However, as long as societys standards continue to play a significant part in American culture society will always have a great impact on what one deems as beautiful.Works CitedBiocca, inconsiderate A., and Philip N. Meyers Jr. Journal of Communication. The Elastic Body Image The Effect of Television Advertising and Programming on Body Image Distortions in Young Women 42.3 (1992) 108-33. Print. Ford, Paul. Beauty in Different Cultures. N.p., 22 July 2009. Web. 1 6 Apr. 2012. . Milkie, genus Melissa A. Social Comparisons, Reflected Appraisals, and Mass Media The Impact of Pervasive Beauty Images on Black and White Girls Self-Concepts. Social Psychology Quarterly 62.2 (1999) 190-210. Print. Wood, Louise. Perceptions Of Female Beauty In The 20th Century. Home Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Apr. 2012. .

Important Quotes Frankenstein

Important quotes from Frankenstein an enterprise which you pitch regarded with such evil forebodings. RW, P. 7 I shall for certain find no friend on the wide ocean, RW, P. 11 We accordingly brought him back to the deck, and restored him to life RW on VF, P. 14 playful as a summer insect lively as a chick the most fragile creature VF on E, P. 20 , the first misfortune of my life occurred an o custody, as it were, of my future tense misery VF, P. 25 Thus ended a twenty-four hourstime memorable to me it decided my future hatful VF on inevitable fate, P. 30 y father had taken the greatest precautions that my idea should be impress with no supernatural horrors. VF on genuinely having a caring father, also, Gothicism, P. 31 , I became my self capable of bestowing animation upon lifeless matter VF, P. 32 a dreary night with an anxiety that almost amounted to agony VF and the day of creation, his mental state and pathetic fallacy, P. 35 my candle was nearly burnt out VF, a illustration for his sanity, P. 35 he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks VF on the deuce as a newborn baby, P. 6 one hand was stretched out VF on the monster as Michelangelos Creation of pass, P. 36 but I escaped, and rushed down stairs VF abandons his baby, his duty, P. 36 Oh, stay fresh me save me VF as a damsel in distress, HC is the saviour, save- beginn, P. 39 the season contributed greatly to my convalescence VF as a Romantic, nature restores health P. 39 During the whole of this wretched mockery of just frappe, I suffered living torture. VF, the blood line of injustice brought on simply by himself, P. 54 Could the daemon lso in his hellish sport take a crap betrayed the innocent to death and ignominy. VF. It was VF who betrayed the innocent, so surely indeed he is the daemon? P. 56 Justine died she rested and I was alive. VF is death better than life at this point? P. 61 deep, dark, death- give cargon solit ude VF, P. 61 I had been the informant of unalterable evils VF and his inevitable fate, his realised sense of guilt and fault, P. 62 The rain depressed me VF, pure and wide pathetic fallacy, P. 65 the view of the tremendous and ever-moving glacier t had then filled me with a sublime raptus VF on the sublime nature of his setting, P. 66 LINK Infinity has a tendency to fill the mind with that sort of delightful horror Edmund Burke, On the Sublime and Beautiful the vast river of ice their icy and gleam peaks VF, a continuation of the sublime, and a reference to Rime, P. 67 LINK The ice was here, the ice was there / The ice was all roughly Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Rime of the Ancient Mariner All men hate the wretched M, proving himself antithetic to humans, P. 7 you, my creator M, master/slave distinction, father/son distinction, self-awareness, P. 68 I ought to be thy Adam but I am rather the fallen angel M is comparing himself to the devil. Whereas he should have be en a perfect being, he became an archetypal fallen angel, like Lucifer for example, P. 68 LINK Awake, stand or be for ever falln. John Milton, Paradise Lost thy creature, who implores thy goodness and compassion. M alone needed his creator, his father, to care for him. He was of a good nature, until rejection. P. 8 my soul glowed with love and humanity M, until he realised he was not human, P. 68 Oh, praise the eternal justice of man M. This brilliantly humorous the monster has learnt sarcasm, and is using it to condemn VF for wanting to murder him, despite VF accusing the monster of murder. In doing so, the monster mocks the injustice of Justines trial, as well as Williams death, P. 69 Cursed be the day in which you first saw light VF. Unlike convention, the symbolism of light here is negative, P. 69 I thrust my hand into the live embers, but quickly drew it out again with a shout out of pain. M has no parent, he learns through trial and error, P. 71 miserable, fro m the inclemency of the season, and still more from the brutality of man. M, as an unnatural being, has at this point neither nature nor mankind. He is a reject, P. 73 It was hence a paradise, compared to the bleak forest, my former residence M, his hovel is a paradise from which he is soon banished, after he gives in to curiosity and tries the forbidden fruit talking to humankind, P. 75 when I found that in doing this I seeed pain on the cottagers, I abstained M learns guilt, is of a good nature, P. 7 I went into the woods, and serene my own food and fuel for the cottage. M becomes a parent to the De Lacy family, and furthermore becomes a peasant, P. 79 The lady was dressed in a dark suit, and covered with a thick black bedim M describes Safie as dressing in a Gothic manner, P. 80 her eyes were dark, but palliate M, provides alternate view to idea of black symbolising unfairness or Gothicism, P. 81 And what was I? M has no class, has no role in society, P. 83 Of what a strange nature is k directledge M realises that maybe all that he has learnt is not for the better, P. 83 The injustice of his sentence was very flagrant M again experiences injustice, grows evermore corrupt, P. 85 I can hardly describe to you the effect of these books M acquires life-changing books, P. 89 the picture of an omnipotent God warring with his creatures M, familiar? M vs. VF, P. 90 Like Adam, I was created patently united by no link to any other being in existence, but he had come forth from the hands of God a perfect creature, happy and prosperous I was wretched, befuddled and alone. M links himself to Adam, realises he is not a perfect creature, or a human. He ack at presentledges his alienation, his loneliness, P. 90 LINK Adam, the goodliest man of men since born his sons John Milton, Paradise Lost Many times I considered Satan as the fitter emblem of my condition M is the fallen angel, P. 90 the hearts of men are full of brotherly love and charity De Lacy, but maybe M isnt a human brother, he is different, P. 93 I am blind, and cannot judge of your countenance, but there is something in your oral communication which persuades me that you are sincere. De Lacy.M speaks eloquently, is compassionate (at this point) and cares for the De Lacy family, but on the outside is a monster, P. 94 No from that trice I declared everlasting war against the species M is rejected by De Lacy family, P. 95 This was then the reward of my benevolence M saves a woman from drowning, and is shot in doing so. Again, it is his appearance, not his intention, that is seen by mankind, P. 99 You, my creator, would tear me to pieces M, but actually, VF tears the female M to pieces, P. 102 Oh my creator, make me happy M, this is the simplest demand to his father/creator, P. 02 I do not destroy the lamb and the kid, to glut my appetite acorns and berries afford me sufficient nourishment M eco-criticism? P. 103 the sun will shine on us as on man, and will ripen our food. M. two Romantic (nature supplying food) and Marxist (all men are equal)? P. 103 with this deadly weight yet hanging around my neck VF acknowledges his guilt, but it still exists. Also, has he replaced religion with his actions, and replaced God with himself? P. 108 LINK Instead of the cross, the Albatross / almost my neck was hung. Samuel Coleridge, Rime of the Ancient Mariner. But in Clerval I saw the image of my former self VF. Could it be that Clerval is the innocent, ambitious and excitable VF, and the monster is the corrupt and miserable VF? P. 113 , the sight of what is beautiful in nature could always interest my heart. VF was (he is recollecting his childhood, here) a Romantic. Now, he has gone against nature and created something unnatural, P. 114 Had I a right to inflict this curse upon everlasting generations? VF suddenly gains a conscience. Was M simply a test-run?He has learnt his lesson, and he shall now tear up the female M, P. 119 Ha ve my murderous machinations deprives you also, my dearest Henry, of life? VF, I think we now know who the murderer is, P. 127 The peasants were shut up in their hovels VF, so was M a peasant? P. 148 You have read this strange and terrific story do you not feel your blood congealed with horror, like that which even now curdles mine? RW so was the story Gothic? P. 151 LINK one to make the endorser dread to look around, to curdle the blood, and quicken the beatings of the heart. Mary Shelley, on what Frankenstein was intended to be. in his murder my crimes are consummated M, upon seeing VF dead, believes justice has been done. He who abandoned him has suffered. P. 158 I, the miserable and the abandoned, am an abortion M did actually develop fully, though. He was, however, an aborted experiment, P. 160 He was soon borne away by the waves, and lost in darkness and distance. RW, not only is M lost in darkness, but so is the reader. What happens next? Does M really stay by his word? What comes of RW? P. 161

Case analysis of Barsetshire County Council (BCC) Essay

The case epitome of Barsetshire County Council (BCC) implies the need for the organisational and managerial variegate that it felt prerequisite and the aftermath of implementing the changes. As a usual emolument makeup the BCC felt that king should be devolved to the middle counselling and the change of organisational social organization is incumbent to meet the uprising demand of services by the locality and to effectively run the activities through out various departments.According to Webers analysis of bureaucracy, it is an omnipresent form of administration in modern society, where part and conclusion making authorities ar held by the higher take aim of the organization. Development in the early twentieth century in scientific counselling associated with names such as Taylor, Urwick and Fayol, gave great support for bureaucratic systems of organization for their efficiency, st might and the elimination of waste. The larger the organization, the greater the degre e of bureaucratization (Dawson). BCC, one of the larger county councils, formed as a bureaucratic unified public service organization, having a large number of employees over 28,000.The new CE of the BCC realized that power should be devolved to the middle direction. He felt that the change in organization and management was requirement to visualize effective strategy implementation. According Nadler and Tushman(1990) the executive is a critical actor in the drama of organizational change. As being a bureaucratic organization, the BCC teamed up with new management view to turn it to a flexible, organic organization, which is to a greater extent adaptable to new and unstable conditions (Burns, 1963).Now days it is obvious that, the very ability of an organization to survive will depend on its ability to master the process of change (Iverson 1996 kanter et al. 1992 Zimmerman 1991) .The situations that triggered this organizational change in BCC were referred as, though the organi zation was run by high professional philosophy, the business was not aimed at customer need and demands. But which is vital as a public service organization. paucity of re themes was also a norm in BCC and it was under tighter control of upper train management. And these all end pointed from the compact span of control, too many hierarchical steps of management and tightly prescribed role.It is necessary to apologize here the term Devolved management. It means empowering the management team in an organization in ending making and taking hatchways as necessary and required for the operation of the organization. The situation is opposed to mechanistic systems where decision making authority flows down from top to bottom manner, but more towards organismic system, which refers to more accommodative and lateral in surroundings (Burns, 1963). Thus the necessity of changes in the BCC was astray disseminated to the middle mangers and the key factors of the changes were widely emp hasized. These key factors of organizational changes will be described shortly.Strategic management is the set of decisions and actions utilise to formulate and implement strategies that will provide a competitive superior fit among the organization and its environment as to achieve organizational goals (Prescot, 1986). Before initiating an organizational change, certain strategic plan must be done to ensure the proper functionality of the changed management. The essence of formulating strategy is choosing how the organization will be different (Porter, 1996). A well defined strategy helps the organization to achieve core competency, synergy and value creation.A devolved management, as in the case of BCC, means giving more power to the middle level management, who are in charge for implementing overall strategies and policies defined by top managers. So, top level managements state is to define a clear strategy and lead the mid level mangers toward it. As a public organization like BCC, customer orientation is a vital issue. So strategy of the changed organization should harmonize with this.Leadership is reciprocal, occurring among people (Kouzes and posner, 1990) leadershiphip is people activity, distinct from administrative paper shuffling or problem-solving activity. It is active and involves the wont of power. The goal of senior executives in many corporations today is not simply to wield power bit also to give it forth to people who can get melodic lines done (Stewart, 1989). A devolved management enables the managers to become more focused about the goals and being empowered to take initiative they can cast out the leadership role in doing things like entrepreneurship, risk taking and proactive. Which enable the organization to be more effective and help the employees to be customer centered.The need for organizational change in BCC emphasized this by devolving power to the middle management.An effective work force is an asset of an organiz ation. The employee in an organization, which is flatter and practices Human transaction approach, performs better than other(a)s. Training and development of employees represent a planned effort by an organization to serve employees learning of job associate behaviors (Keys and Wolfe, 1988).Also performance related rewards encourage employees to increase their effectiveness. BCC inculcated performance related pay for white threesome module as the requirement of its organization change. As it is assumed that, they (white collar staffs) have a purely calculative involvement with the organization so remunerative power is used to obtain their compliance (Etzioni, 1975). Also enriched jobs improve employee motivation and satisfaction and the company gets benefited from higher long-term productivity, trim back costs and happier employees (Dalton, 1998).An organizations structure is defined by how labors are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated change agents can alter one o r more of the key elements in an organizations design. For an instance, departmental responsibilities can be removed, and span of control widened to make the organization flatter and less bureaucratic. In alter organization, having less hierarchy levels, decision authority is pushed downward to lower organization levels. Employees have their right to make decisions and to take initiative, which is the vital part of a devolved management.The organizations are now a days turning to even organizations. The vertical approach such as traditional functional structure does not work nay more, as tend is toward breaking down barriers between departments, and many companies are moving toward horizontal structure based on work processes rather than departmental functions (Hurwitz, 1996)Organizational horticulture refers to system of shared means held by members that distinguishes a organization from others (Becker, 1982). It can act as a barrier to change as well. But the actions of top ma nagement have a major impact on the organizational culture (Hambrick and mason, 1984). In a flat dynamic organization, employees have their own say in decision making, initiate change and realize their answerableness in their jobs, which are rare in bureaucratic hierarchical organization. In BCC, the top management identified that a new culture replacing the old one was necessary to initiate new devolved management.Now it is needed to evaluate whether the BCC was successful in implementing the changes.In a devolved management decision making power of the middle managers is more emphasized. commissioning, which means transfer of authority and responsibility to positions on a lower floor the hierarchy also arise (Leana, 1986) in devolved management. It frees middle manger from essaying authority from the top level management whenever any situation needs instant attention. It also increases creativity and perception.As a result of degeneration of management in BCC, the management of the Social service Department (SSD), the line mangers were granted more power and control over decision making. That raised more accountability among the managers which enable the subordinates to reporting and justifying task outcomes to those above them in the chain of command (Oloughlin, 1990). In devolved management, the need for self esteem (Maslow, 1943) arises in empowered mangers. At also makes them running toward goal. Intentions to work toward a goal are a major source of work motivation (Locke, 1968). The performance of the managers ultimately increases.But too much accountability hampers the smooth functionalities of the managers. It creates scruple and more complexity. It just like Goal Blocking- occurs a when persons motivation has been raise but attainment of goal is thwarted in some way.To maintain service, the managers need resources. The empowered management can use the allotted resource success to the full despite scarcity. The mangers have more control and a ccountability in providing services as a result. In BSS after devolution, management properly focused on the needs of the client instead of resource led services customer oriented business was emphasized.Technology- compulsive workplace in which ideas, information, and relationships are becoming important, is the most dramatic element of organizational change. In BCC the trigger of computerized financial management enabled the mangers to increase decision making responsibilities in budgeting.But problem arises when top level management still have control on resource allocation after giving away the power to the middle level management to decide in using the recourses. It limits functionality. If mangers are given check resources but are expected to improve work performance, it is a dilemma for the managers as the middle mangers of BCC face up after devolution.Moreover, the newly devolved management system had a good affect on specialists support staff of finance, personnel, and information departments. They were widely dispersed having their head of profession at the center to ensure proximity with the service and business needs instead of being centralized. This was a key feature of organizational change in BCC, being close to the customers.But some felt it as a predicament that, the communication break was large as the specialist staffs were controlled centrally in pre-devolution period. So, still there remained some structural barriers in specialists service. The managers didnt understand the activities of the specialist support staffs. Actually, though devolution evolved in SSD, the department of specialists was not devolved fully.The devolution of management in BCC, specially in SSD (Social Service Department) was introduced both with the emergence of positive and electronegative aspects of it as every thing has those two sides naturally. But the balance on the positive side was far heavier than that of negative side. All middle mangers were happy (e xcept few) with the new devolved management system, which empowered them to take decisions regarding their fields and to take initiative with out asking permission of higher authority.The accountability and the clarity aroused with in the employees. The efficiency of mangers to use the scarce resources according to the need and demand of consumers also increased. That means the mangers were becoming more responsive and timid about the customers. The overall situation was improved in BCC after the devolution of power. But as the inconsolable side of the moon, the devolved management faced some negative waves of thoughts from some mangers of BCC. They felt that, though they had been given additional responsibilities and decision making power, they had not been given the full authority. Some occurrences were opposed to the initiatives as the CE announced those to be needed for the organizational change and devolution of power to the middle management.Finally, it can be said that the i nitiative and implementation of devolved management and organizational change for effective implementation of strategic planning in Barsetshire County Council (BCC), were entirely appropriate as being public service organization. But in reality, fully devolved management cannot be possible for some factors. If the middle mangers are biased, or they are not totally focused on the goal, the devolved power they practice does not make any good to the organization. On the other hand if upper level management holds potential control over some major areas such as resource allocation of organization after devolution, when middle managers are expected to make decisions, major conflicts may likely arise between management team.Thus this will lead to frustration and job dissatisfaction among middle mangers. In a public service organization like BCC, consumer orientation is vital. So, upper level management and the middle level managements dedication will be concentrated on achieving customers contention by providing required service. Even there is hoax about empowering mangers. galore(postnominal) empowerment initiatives fail to deliver their expected advantages and that employees can end up less committed than forwards (Cunningham and Hyman, 1999).Also empowerment may turn to disillusionment- because managers tend to assume that more interesting work is commensurate rewarding, they find themselves working much harder for the same remuneration (Cunningham et al, 1996). The introduction of Organizational development is then necessary for effective organizational change, which is a collection of planned- change interventions built on humanistic- democratic values that seek to improve organizational effectiveness and employee well-being (Porras and Robertson, 1992). Now a days more and more organization are turning to devolved management, the top level managers believe , this would make the subordinates more goal oriented and the barriers and conflicts between managemen t level would be removed, thus the organization could turn into a learning organization.Barsettshire county counsil was not an expulsion to this.References* Micheal E. Portar (1996), What is Strategy? Harvard Business Review, 61-68.* Michel G. OLoughlin (1990), What is Bureaucratic Accountability and How can we measure it? Administration and society 22, Vol(3), 275-302.* Carrie R. Leana (1986), Predictors and Consequences of Delegation, Academy of management journal, Vol(29), 754-774.* Alan Hurwitz (1996), Organizational structure for the new world order, Business horizons (may-June), 5-14.* Bernard Keys and joseph Wolfe (1988), Management program line and Development current issues and emerging trends, Journal of management, Vol(14), 205-229.* James M. Kouzes and Barry Z. posner (1990), The credibility factor what followers expect from their leaders, Management review, January, 29-33.* Thomas A. Stewart (1989), New ways to exercise power, Fortune, November 6, 52-64.* Glenn L. Dal ton (1998), The collective stretch, Management review, December, 54-59.* D.C Hambrick and P.A. stonemason (1984), Upper Echelons The organization as a reflection of its top managers, Academy of Management Review, April, 193-206.* Cunningham et al (1996), dominance The power to do what?, Industrial Relations journal, vol(27), 143-54.Cunningham and Hayman (1999), The poverty of empowerment? A critical case instruction, Personal review , Vol (28), 192-207Bibliography* Rollinson D. and Broadfield A.. (2002), Organizational Behaviour and Analysis , 2nd edition, Pearson education.* Robbins S.(2001), Organizational Behaviour, prentice antechamber New Jersey.* Daft R. (2003), Management, 6th edition, , Thomson.* Soffer C.(1978), Organizations in theory and practice, Heinnman London.* Dawson S.(1996), Analyzing organizations, 3rd edition, Macmillan.

Brooklyn Cop by Norman MacCaig Essay

Brooklyn Cop written by Scottish poet Norman McCaig, is a poem that trains a police officer in Brooklyn to be an aggressive yet affectionate man. passim the poem McCaig uses word choice and imagery techniques to express the dual sided nature of the perk. We see that the commission he behaves on the streets of Brooklyn contrasts with how he is at home with his married woman. The dual sided nature of the cop is shown through the physical explanation that McCaig uses to convey him. McCaig does this with the use of imagery and word choice. In the poem the line Built like a gorilla shows through the use of simile, the tough exterior of the cop and gives the reader a clear find out on what his physical mien is like. The comparison of the cop to a gorilla is efficacious as it shows the cops top heavy, muscular build and strength, meaning he could be potentially d fussinessous and untrained like a gorilla. McCaig also shows in the metaphor with two hieroglyphs on his face that mean misgiving that his eyes are dark and fierce, causing the reader to believe that he is naturally a baseless person.This is also conveyed in the line Thick fleshed, steak coloured in which the use of metaphor conveys the physical appearance of the cop as thick fleshed which shows that the cop is tough and can take a lot of abuse, along with Steak coloured which shows the colour of skin associating it with the colour red to suggest he is red with fury and anger naturally. This highlights on his personality and the purlieu he works in where it is appropriate to be tough and barbaric in order to cope. The dangerous environment in which the cop works shows how he has to be a violent person in order to cope in these rough areas and the people he lead encounter. In the line He walks the sidewalk and the thin tissue over violence the metaphor is affective as it shows the potential of criminal acts that could take part on the streets of Brooklyn and the threat that violence could erupt at any moment causing him to be an aggressive, tough man in order to deal with the tizzy he faces to keep the streets of Brooklyn a safe environment for others.The use of alliteration in the T makes a harsh sound which resembles the area and the lingering violence. The cops victims are shown to be treated violently and McCaig conveys this through the use of rhetorical question and word choice. This shows the aggressive, violent nature of the cop and his behaviour on the job. In the last two lines of the poem And who would have to be his victims, McCaig uses a rhetorical question which is in force(p) as it shows how savage the cop is when met with violence and crime. The word have shows that he will not spur down while dealing with criminals and that they are most likely to be hurt or violently treated when met with the cop, making it clear that no one wants to be involved with him on the streets and including the reader and their thoughts on being in the same place as a criminal. McCaig uses repetition and word choice to convey the cops dual sided personality from how he treats criminals on the tough streets as opposed to the way he treats his wife at home. This is conveyed in the line This morning, when he said See you babe to his wife, he hoped it, he truly hoped it. This is effective as the use of affectionate language in babe conveys his well-off side as opposed to his tough nature while on the streets of Brooklyn, which is not expected as he is a violent savage.The use of repetition in he hoped it, he truly hoped it Is effective as it shows the strong hope to return home safe and the genuine want to see his wife after an unpredictable day at work. This shows that he may seem fearless but in the inside he has a violent yet caring nature. In conclusion Brooklyn Cop by Norman McCaig focuses on the dual sided nature of an aggressive police officer who works on the abut streets of Brooklyn. McCaig conveys the cop as savage and violent man while in the run down environment of Brooklyn as opposed to his softer side where he shows love and affection towards his wife at home.

Psychology of Language Essay

To briefly introduce the topic, this reception paper is reflective of David W. Carolls book, entitled Psychology of Language, which was published in 2008 by Thomson and Wadsworth Publishing. The trey selective chapters of the book, namely Chapters 4, 9 and 14 will be the principal(prenominal) focus of discussion. As a synopsis of the book, Carolls (2008) purpose is to examine how and why human beings race port expressively contradicts on actors line, and what influences the wrangle patterns the environment.In search of this critical thinking has searchd the observations on the psychological effects of spoken oral communication to the fountainhead-being of pack and his societal interaction. Chapter 4 Perception of language In Chapter 4 Perception of Language examines the comprehension on language that is conveyed in oral and written forms. Caroll pointed out the prosodic factors as a result of corporal tension from environmental distraction affects the human mind to unde rstand the message and flow of breeding (Ferreira, 2003 in Caroll, 2008).It whitethorn be interpreted, the prosodic factors is even resulting tremendous difficulty to the receiver of information or listener, from which softness to comprehend and keep abreast to the informant or source of information bears psychological effect of anxiety. Caroll has implied the relevancy of tones, use of semantics, time, place and circumstance in transmitting the information. In short, conveying the information endure be more expressed according to the emphasized situation and level of expression of the talker. From this, the human sort develops signals to emphasize the language.As cited, the reconfiguration of transmitting information has been applied in the trace model purposely to essay the level of comprehension and the pattern of processing the information (McClelland & Elman, 1986 in Caroll, 2008). However, the study may be entirely applied in the processing of restricted information that holds risk to national security, wherein US Naval withdraw adopts the trace model. Significant to human behavior response to information, written communication is depict first of all as a formal norm to communicate, I would say, secondly at a long keep inscription and transcription.At this point and time of electronic-telecommunication, written information is relayed through mobile prognosticate and Internet messaging system, in which electronic mail and short-messaging system (SMS) becomes the usual medium of communication, as well as the digital-video-electronic gadgets together with the television, print and broadcast media. The point of view of observing how the human behavior react to present day telecommunication system not only in written alone in digital-communication could hand over been a peripheral concern of Caroll.Overall, I would say that both oral and written communication ar of formal norms according to the topic, theme, mood, circumstance and notion or unde rstanding the way the information is presented and point outd by the receiver. However, it is the expression or could be the body language and emphasis to communicate that can be critically considered by the exhibition of human behavior, applying both expression and feelings that interact between talker and listener, wherein reaction or response depicts the behavior.Chapter 9 Conversational interaction The discussions in Chapter 9 Conversational Interaction refers to the exchange of ideas or dialogues between two persons, groups and an individual to a group. In this chapter, Caroll implied the common understanding that chatal interaction is a joint action where individuals converse in a coordinative yet unsystematic flow of ideas, information and topic.As cited, the structure of conversational interaction is the exchange of language in a face-to-face style and deviate from topic-to-topic, ideas-to-ideas and expressions (Filmore, 1981 in Caroll, 2008). It may be deduced that conve rsation is important especially in the aspect of clinical psychology, especially considered as a therapy or therapeutic treatment. The inference of conversational interaction can be defined as a simple non-drug-related treatment.Thus, I agree to the explanation that good conversation opens the minds and spirit, and confer the long-kept inner agonies to a good conversationalist. Conversational interaction in the field of psychology can be exemplified by the patient-psychologist conversation on critical thoughts affecting the anxiety of a patient. However, I would like to expound my reaction to the previously discussed norm that conversation has unsystematic flow of ideas since conversation as a therapy for psycho-treatment is applied with the scientific and structured rules.As cited, conversational interaction is institutionally used with narrow therapeutic discourse of a psycho-therapist to a patient (Caroll, 2008). I would further react that the cognitive monstrance of theories in Chapter 9 tends to convey a lot of information on conversational interaction but somehow deepen the interpretative result at an average understanding, and hardly express the laymans language or common knowledge that conversational interaction can be simply described as a convenient manner of talking-listening-talking human behavior.In sum, what Caroll could have simply implied in Chapter 9 is the significance of conversation as an easement of barrier, accordingly in the aspect of putting up a dialogue through therapy in psycho-treatment. On the other hand, conversational interaction can be called as partly a way of life of people, interact each other to communicate, develop ideas and explore the relevance of two-way information on the basis of personal, private and publicly known topic. In addition, fill and willingness could be the expressive rule that creates the instinctive behavior to interact and converse.Chapter 14 Language, culture and cognition The relatedness of langua ge, cultural traits and perceptiveness highlights the discussions in Chapter 14 Language, culture and cognition. Accordingly, language is primarily the end-result of communication barriers. Indeed it is, for the main reason that the whole wide world is separated by language and dialects, and even the semantics that describe a figure, name and place. It is also a common knowledge that variety of cultures, races and ethnicity has their own system of understanding away from language in a country.Further, group of people in certain organizations or societies, gender, generation of young person and adult and heterosexual groups adopts a language of their owned-meaning and interpretation, like the word joint which has variable meanings for a dope, club, getting-together, and so forth. Caroll (2008) explained that language creates the hypothetical understanding being interpreted by the commonality of meaning, in which individuals and groups in a community understand and accept the perce ption. In which case, culture and cognition is a belongingness in a inclined group and community of people.However, according to Carroll, linguistic determinism is different from language of individuals or its groups, as cited, linguistic determinism is the study of language for certain reasoning or cognitive process (Bloom & Keil, 2001 in Caroll, 2008). Reflective of the above explanation, it may be well explained that what Caroll (2008) implied is the language or word-meaning of scientific and technical foothold being used by people in a variety of profession, like the language referring to the use of terminologies in medical science, kind sciences, engineering and related fields.However, it may be analyzed that the cognitive value of scientific and technical terms becoming a language attributed to the profession or processed knowledge discovers and rediscovers the effects to human behavior, and therefore provides the opportunity to cook out the processes of learning abilitie s and information sharing at a broadest recipients throughout the world. Again, receiving the information requires the use of language to process the communication, of which the cyclical process of knowledge correlates learning, interpretation, perception and acceptance.It may be therefore said that language is the bottomline to critically convey the culture and cognition, wherein influences interrelate in human behavior. In this regard, I resoundingly acknowledge the fact that language is the key linkage to assimilate cultural diversity, belongingness and displacement of communication barriers. Moreover, it may be further implied that understanding the reciprocity of inherent cultural values, traits and traditions is a critical thought founded on worshipful co-existence.Conclusion Human behavior is a fascinating, deeply-intriguing and challenging subject of examination not only in the field of psychological science, but emanates the observation itself within a family and community. It can be said that human behavior is the bulwark of societal development and a never-ending influence to the destiny of an individual. The human behavior patterns the cycle of influence through perception-expression process.From this point of view, language is the most conveyed interaction of human behavior. The psychology of language is a meaningful and motivating exploration of cognitive thoughts adherent to guiding and developing a human behavior that signifies belongingness, progress and harmonizes cultural posterity in transnational boundaries, although in the strictest sense, psychology of language can be inversely applied in the reproach to vindicate human dogmas, greed and plunders of war.On this day and age of integrating information technology, psychology of language is perceived to revolutionize communication exchange stiff on how human behavior explicitly react and act, interacting in the fast-changing environment. In conclusion, the study on psychology of language re lating the human behavior addresses the critical characteristic and role of individuals in psychosocial landscape. References Carroll, D. W. (2008). Psychology of Language. fifth Edition, Thomson Wadsworth Publishing, ISBN-10 0-495-58730-3, ISBN-13978-0-495-58730-9. Retrieved 22 January 2009 from http//www. ichapters. com/market/eBookAccess. html.